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Further information may be obtained by DNA analysis. The battle was in at Bloody Run on Church Hill in Richmond, when the Algonquian-speaking Powhatans had allied with the English to prevent "western" Indians from starting at settlement at the falls of the James.
Lederer's reference to marshy ground forcing him to detour is another piece of evidence that the initial definition of the two branches was downstream from the current definition of the start of the Pamunkey River. The current junction of the North and South Anna is not mapped as "marshy," but downstream of Moncuin Creek the Pamunkey River is lined with marshes.
The bottomlands on the Pamunkey River have been cleared for farming purposes, but were once marshes far harder to navigate about years ago. He apparently traveled with his horse and guide up the North Anna River. On March 13, he reached what he called the "first Spring" headwaters of the Pamunkey River, which would be around the modern town of Orange.
On March 14 he spotted the first sign of mountains to the west: 3. The modern traveler driving west on Route 17 from Fredericksburg may have a similar experience near Morrisville. Lederer reported seeing snow on the mountains. He did not mention seeing flowering plants in early March, but evidently there was enough growing for grazing his horse. Assuming that the water level was low before the spring runoff, he may have been at approximately the location of modern Lake Anna.
It is possible that he did not view the Blue Ridge clearly until reaching modern-day Gordonsville. He reports that he crossed the "South-branch" of the Rappahannock River, presumably what we now call the Rapidan, and reached the mountains on March 17 after traveling for eight days.
Lederer climbed the Blue Ridge on March His effort to ride upward on his horse, used primarily to carry supplies, was a failure. He left his one remaining Indian guide at the bottom with the horse.
He claimed he saw the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The Chesapeake Bay was miles east, and the ocean nearly double that; Lederer saw just low clouds on the horizon. His report of higher mountains to the north and west is more credible. He would have been looking west across Powell, Grindstone, Smith, and Dovel mountains.
He turned back east on March 24, If his dates are correct, he had wandered on the Blue Ridge in the snow for four days looking for a pass through the mountains. That would require that Lederer had somehow carried enough provisions up the mountain to survive multiple nights on a barren snow-covered mountaintop at the end of winter, but lacked the skill to find a route on the west side of the Blue Ridge down to the Page Valley.
He may have been deterred by concerns that the Massawomacks living west of the Blue Ridge might not welcome a visitor, at least when food supplies would have been low. Lederer's first route did not blaze a trail to the west.
No major highway today runs from the confluence of the North Anna and the South Anna rivers to where he climbed the Blue Ridge. Route 33, the "Mountain Road" from Richmond, stays close to the watershed divide rather than follow the Rapidan River before passing through Swift Run Gap.
Lederer thus shares one characteristic with Lewis and Clark; his initial route was not the best. The preferred crossing today is where I goes through South Pass in Wyoming. The first Surveyor landing site on the moon, or the first Viking landing site on Mars, may not evolve into a future transportation destination either. The territory through which Lederer passed in appears to have been unsettled; he does not mention seeing any Native American towns. He describes the Piedmont as a wilderness: 4.
Great herds of red and fallow deer I daily saw feeding; and on the hill-sides, bears crashing mast like swine. Small leopards I have seen in the woods, but never any lions, though their skins are much worn by the Indians. The wolves in these parts are so ravenous, that I often in the night feared my horse would be devoured by them On his second journey, John Lederer traveled initially with a Major Harris. He led a party of 20 English explorers, plus five Native Americans.
The expedition left from the Fall Line on the James River. The start of the trip showed Lederer's willingness to listen to the Native Americans in contrast to Major Harris. The two travelers asked a Monacan how to reach the mountains, and he drew two paths in the dirt using a stick.
One path may have followed the James River valley, and the other path may have followed the Appomattox River valley. Major Harris insisted on using his modern compass in order to go due west. That route, perhaps tracing the watershed divide, led them over "steep and craggy cliffs" that could have been bypassed had the European men followed directions of an experienced local traveler. It also brings renewed scrutiny to the investigators and prosecutors involved, who critics say ruthlessly pursued a case underpinned by racism.
Elizabeth Lederer was the lead district attorney prosecuting teens. She had been assigned to the case by Linda Fairstein, who ran the office that supervised the prosecution in the case and who was portrayed unfavorably in the film. It all began when a year-old investment banker named Trisha Meili was severely beaten and raped while out for an evening jog on April 19, Police, who had responded to calls that same night about groups of teens harassing people in the park, honed in on Raymond Santana, 14, Kevin Richardson, 14, Antron McCray, 15, Yusef Salaam, 15, and Kharey Wise, There was also no DNA evidence tying them to the scene of the crime.
Still, they were convicted and sentenced to prison - with terms ranging from five to 13 years - for the attack. It was only in that the boys were fully exonerated after serial rapist Matias Reyes admitted to the crime and investigators matched his DNA to that taken from the scene.
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