Other words used to describe retching are gagging or having the dry heaves. Your risk for having nausea or vomiting depends on the type of cancer being treated and the type and dose of treatment being given. C hemotherapy and other drugs used to treat cancer travel throughout the body while radiation therapy treats one part of the body where the cancer is located.
For this reason, chemotherapy and some other drugs used for cancer treatment cause more nausea and vomiting than radiation therapy.
If you are getting chemotherapy, you might hear your cancer care team refer to it as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting CINV. Chemo and other drugs used to treat cancer are classified according to their emetogenic potential how likely the drug will cause nausea or vomiting as high, moderate, low, or minimal risk. Nausea and vomiting. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology.
Philadelphia, Pa. Hesketh PJ, et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology. Hesketh PJ. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy adverse effects. Rochester, Minn. Roila F, et al. Annals of Oncology. Aromatherapy and essential oils PDQ. Accessed March 6, See also Acute lymphocytic leukemia Acute myelogenous leukemia Adjuvant therapy for cancer Alternative and complementary medicine for metastatic breast cancer Alternative cancer treatments: 10 options to consider Anal cancer Atypical cells: Are they cancer?
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Chemotherapy side effects: A cause of heart disease? Colon cancer screening Curcumin: Can it slow cancer growth? Frequent sex: Does it protect against prostate cancer? Gallbladder cancer Gene expression profiling for breast cancer: What is it? Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Genetic testing for breast cancer: Psychological and social impact Get ready for possible side effects of chemotherapy Get the support you need when you have metastatic breast cancer GI Stents Ginger for nausea: Does it work?
Glowing Cancer Surgery Hairy cell leukemia Have dark skin? High-dose vitamin C: Can it kill cancer cells? Bowel obstruction. Emotional causes of nausea and vomiting In other cases, there are emotional reasons for nausea and vomiting.
Feeling anxious about the cancer or your treatment may cause you to feel or be sick. Common types of anti-sickness drugs There are many types of drugs that can be used to control nausea and vomiting. These are called anti-sickness anti-emetic drugs.
These drugs can be given as: tablets injections suppositories skin patches. This helps to move food through the intestines more quickly. Some of the drugs used are listed below: 5HT3 inhibitors. Anti-histamine drugs. Sedative drugs. Neurokin 1 NK1 inhibitor. The drugs that can cause constipation are: aprepitant fosaprepitant granisetron ondansetron palonosetron tropisetron. Constipation can usually be relieved by drinking plenty of fluids, eating a high-fibre diet, and doing some gentle exercise.
Sometimes, you may need to take laxatives to stimulate your bowels. Your doctor can prescribe these for you. The drugs that can cause headaches are: aprepitant fosaprepitant granisetron ondansetron palonosetron tropisetron. Let your doctor know if you get headaches while having any of these drugs as part of your anti-sickness therapy. Tiredness and feelings of weakness. The drugs that can cause tiredness are: cyclizine chlorpromazine haloperidol levomepromazine palonosetron lorazepam.
Let your doctor know if this is a problem. Flushing of the skin. Managing nausea and vomiting Eating problems caused by sickness If feeling sick is putting you off your food, these tips may help: Try eating dry food, such as toast or crackers, first thing in the morning before you get up. If possible, let someone else do the cooking. Avoid eating or preparing food when you feel sick.
Avoid fried foods or foods with a strong smell. Prepare small meals and eat little and often. Radiation therapy to large areas of the body and specifically to the gastrointestinal GI tract, liver, or brain can cause nausea and vomiting.
A higher dosage of radiation therapy is also more likely to cause these symptoms. Other medications used in cancer care. Other drugs used to treat cancer, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, can cause nausea and vomiting. Some medications to help with side effects can also cause nausea and vomiting.
For instance, pain medications commonly cause stomach problems. In general, some medicines are more likely to cause nausea and vomiting than others. You can learn about different emetic oral and intravenous IV medicines that may cause nausea and vomiting. Certain cancers. Brain tumors, liver tumors, and GI tumors are more likely to cause nausea and vomiting. Dehydration , infection , pain , and other problems. Nausea and vomiting may be caused by other symptoms and side effects.
It may also be caused by other diseases, like kidney disease. Nausea and vomiting can be caused by the stress and anxiety caused by cancer and its treatment. You may be more likely to experience nausea and vomiting during your cancer treatment if you are a woman or if you are younger than 50 years old.
You are also more likely to experience these side effects if you:. Talk with your health care team about each medicine prescribed for you and its risk of causing nausea and vomiting.
Ask if you could be at a higher risk for nausea and vomiting. And, let them know regularly how you are feeling or about side effects you are experiencing, so that they can find ways to help you feel better.
If you have nausea and vomiting during your cancer care, your doctor can prescribe medicine to help relieve your symptoms. Your doctor may also prescribe medicine to prevent nausea and vomiting. ASCO recommends the following options, based on the level of risk that a specific anti-cancer drug will cause nausea and vomiting:. High risk of nausea and vomiting. Some types of chemotherapy nearly always cause nausea and vomiting if given without antiemetics.
The recommended options for preventing vomiting from these treatments are listed below. Children usually receive a combination of 2 or 3 medicines to prevent vomiting. These may include:. Moderate risk of nausea and vomiting. Adults usually receive a combination of 2 or 3 medicines to prevent vomiting:.
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